A History of the Issue of the Gender Wage Gap in America

A History of the Issue of the Gender Wage Gap in America The sexual orientation wage hole has been around since ladies started having employments and vocations in the economy. In the start of the compensation hole was absolutely doing to separation just as social generalizations, presently it has gotten more confused than that. The issue today has developed into a mind boggling issue which joins our American culture, business financial matters legislative issues and social culture. Accordingly, some are distrustful of the issue and some are extremely inflexible in their mentality. The Equal Pay Act was started during the Kennedy organization. From that point forward, the sex wage hole has been narrowing each year, however it despite everything exists in the United States. The sexual orientation wage hole is the contrast between what ladies get paid and what men get paid for doing likewise work. Every year and pay standard ladies are paid 59 pennies more than before which might be something worth being thankful for, pretty much they the com pensation roll are not equivalent for working ladies and working men in the field. Individuals have been attempting to demonstrate whether the sexual orientation wage hole is establishment, or immaterial since before the primary demonstration was passed. In the 1963 the sexual orientation wage hole was an immense issue; ladies made just 63% of what men made in similar positions. As time has advanced, ladies currently make on normal 77% of what men make similarly situated. Consistently an infant is conceived in the United States, as per the U.S. Enumeration, and with an infant comes enormous obligation. Regardless of whether it’s reasonable or not, the accepted practice is the lady remains at home, while the man goes to work to take care of the tabs. Since numerous ladies feel the weights of family commitments more than the men do, they frequently are compelled to pick between their family and their professions. In like manner ladies factually don’t put in the same number of additional time hours as men, says April Kelly-Woessner, a political theory educator at Elizabethtown College. Bosses gripe that ladies consistently pick family commitments over their occupations. In legislative issues men accept that ladies ought not be in the field since they are ladies; however can have similar instruction ladies in the element will in the long run have families and have children to deal with. With that comes various respponicbities. In this way ladies would need to resign and stop their present place of employment to deal with their developing family. Numerous organizations accept that men can make a superior showing than ladies since men do nessecarrly should be stressed over their running the family since its for the most part the women’s work as the â€Å"House Keeper†. At the point when numerous organizations state this it starts a discussion, mob, and dissent on the working compensation move of working ladies. Right up 'til today, there is still no complete motivation behind why, however the hole appears to close gradually every year. Would we be able to contribute that to ladies going to bat for themselves progressively, working more diligently to demonstrate their value, or in any event, testing the framework? T.J. Billitteri composed the article entitled Gender pay hole meeting up on the significant certainty which is ladies working and having a similar profession title as a man are getting far less cash (March 14, 2008).CQ Researcher, 18, 241-264.Billitteri starts his article connecting on an enormous claim of Ledbetter versus Goodyear tire. Ledbetter, one of barely any females in her administrative position, acknowledged she was making $559.00 per month not exactly the guys similarly situated. She got around $3 million in back compensation and harms. That case worked up a lit of push on the compensation hole issue and put accentuation on bills, for example, the Fair Pay Act. Perceived female state authorities are pushing the authorization of Fair Pay Acts and Equal Pay Acts increasingly more on Congress and the Senate still right up 'til the present time. Billitteri (2008) states with those as a result people would have equivalent remuneration when working in a similar field. A prime model is a ladies functioning as a Chief Executive makes on normal 22 percent of what a male Chief Executive makes. Taking a gander at the 2006 U.S. Enumeration measurements it demonstrated â€Å"the pay hole at around 77 percent of the men’s middle full-time, all year earnings.† (Billitteri 2008). In Billitteris’ article he examines how while employing a female the organization considers the opportunities for maternity leave, higher protection needs, downtime to think about kids, and a raised hazard for lewd behavior claims. It has become clear that ladies are scared to search out official or other lucrative positions In the 21st Century the quantity of ladies joining up with advanced education foundations is outperforming the quantities of men enlisted. The graduation paces of ladies from secondary school and advanced education are frequently higher than for men. The quantity of ladies moves on from most expert occupations, including more lucrative medication, law and business, will surpass the quantity of men graduates sooner rather than later. In various word related territories with a larger part of ladies graduates, compensations as of now outperform pay rates in word related zones with a greater part of men graduates. The possibility that most of ladies are working similar sorts of employments, and same measure of hours yet being paid significantly less than men is causing a lot of concern. In ongoing history the sex hole is gradually diminishing. Young ladies are contracting the instruction gay and gaining degrees, for example, a bosses qualification and single men degree. Truth be told, ladies are winning more lone ranger and bosses degrees than men. Moreover, ladies are likewise discovering vocations in law, business and clinical schools. Ladies are beginning to once again come the restrictions of sexual orientation in the work advertise. They are done making due with attendants, secretaries or salesclerks. Ladies are conquering the extraordinary sex hole. Throughout the years considers have occurred so as to attempt to determine this issue concerning the sex hole. As indicated by the tables on pages thirty nine through forty the examinations that introduced show that ladies acquire seventy seven percent of what men make during a normal of fifteen years, however the investigations which show the genuine livelihoods pay between the two distinctive genders gives us that the hole is a lot more prominent. Ladies are in reality just making sixty two percent of what men are winning. The figure is summarized when the mens normal profit were at $49,068 and womens were far beneath the mens pay at $ 29,507 for the multi year normal

The Education System Essay Example

The Education System Essay Example The Education System Essay The Education System Essay Article Topic: Instruction This point has caused one of the principle reactions of taking a gander at social hardship as the purpose behind common laborers underachievement. Pundits have contended that regular workers guardians appear to be less intrigued and less promising in light of their circumstance and conditions. They need to show their kids what life resembles practically for the common laborers, that high word related status is a fantasy. Another analysis of social hardship has been by the individuals who feel that material variables are increasingly significant. These pundits are structuralists, and feel that it is critical to concentrate on what guardians can give materialistically that would urge their youngsters to improve at school, for instance a calm space for schoolwork and fitting books. On the off chance that there isn't sufficient cash for books, the understudy needs to find low maintenance line of work which is probably going to bring about less time spent on homework, consequently not doing admirably in tests. There are different pundits of social hardship who feel it is imperative to take a gander at elements of the school which influence the presentation of various social class understudies. For instance, there are subcultures (hostile to social, against school) which common laborers understudies are bound to be brought into, thus their instructive execution is clearly influenced. The following clarification was an analysis of the last one material hardship, or material variables. These scholars accept the understudies homes foundation impacts and influences them the most. This is a lot of a structuralist see. The contention is that common laborers guardians can't manage the cost of the materials essential for their youngsters to progress nicely. The youngsters are probably going to impart rooms to different kin and dont have a calm spot for study, and my need to find low maintenance line of work if their folks are not monetarily secure. Regular workers guardians are additionally more averse to have the option to go to guardians gatherings since they have a conflict of time with work. Common laborers understudies are less inclined to keep on advanced education in light of the fact that their folks essentially can't manage the cost of education costs and the additional necessities of college. All these negative parts of material hardship are the reason numerous sociologists contend that material elements are the reason common laborers understudies are relative disappointments in the training framework. Be that as it may, likewise with legacy and heredity, and social hardship, material variables have additionally been censured. The individuals who don't put stock in material hardship center more around in school factors and how these influence execution. They contend it is increasingly critical to take a gander at how the school can give materialistically, however abrogating this, socially. For instance, they take a gander at the prevailing society and worth arrangement of educators. In school, educators have authority and understudies of regular workers, specifically, feel scared and don't have any desire to progress nicely. This frequently brings about an instance of instructor versus understudy esteems banter. Where the educator may support the advantages of training, the understudy may feel that the instructors authority and bothering is demoralizing. There are numerous other in school factors that sociologists have advanced, which turned into the following clarification interpretivist contentions. The interpretivist clarification for common laborers underachievement centers around in school factors. They accept there are numerous things that occur inside school which forestall common laborers understudies proceeding just as working class understudies. One of these variables is subcultures, both enemy of school and hostile to social. Average workers understudies end up effectively brought into these subcultures, regularly with reasons, for example, the educators singling out me so Im not heading off to his/her exercise. Friend pressure is likewise a significant issue in hostile to class subcultures. At the point when one understudy concludes that school isnt for them and doesn't join in, they need someone or a few individual understudies to truant with. Understudies who may have recently adjusted don't have any desire to be forgotten about and join the counter school feeling. Two significant in school components of the interpretivist contention are educator marking and gushing. Marking is the place an instructor prejudges an average workers understudy, naming them as pointless, therefore giving white collar class understudies more consideration and backing. This drives common laborers understudies away in against school subcultures and keeps them away from instructive achievement. Gushing is the place understudies are part and educated in gatherings of their apparent capacity. David Hargreaves, an interactionist, asserted spilling made an expanded measure of feeling second rate as lower stream young men progress to increasingly develop ages. This influences how they feel towards training and more than regularly brings about poor test execution. As more established understudies feel second rate and join hostile to class subcultures, more youthful understudies end up without good examples and thusly feel against school. Both naming and gushing include educators generalizing understudies of every single social class, which can prompt segregation, e. g. sexism and bigotry. Once more, interpretivists have likewise wound up being scrutinized for their perspectives. The pundits are structuralists who feel it is progressively critical to take a gander at out of school factors and the understudies home foundation, as such material and predominantly social factors at home. Spotlights are on things, for example, the estimations of and perspectives to training at home, and strict and social qualities. Pundits contend that guardians of regular workers understudies have altogether different qualities and perspectives to instruction than white collar class guardians. For instance, common laborers guardians may think that its imperative to underline endurance as key in their childrens prospects, though working class guardians could have confidence in urging their kids to point as high as could reasonably be expected and accomplish all they can. Strict and social qualities are additionally significant in the structuralist see. Where highlights of religion may meddle with how understudies are instructed, their folks may decide to haul them out of the training framework. A current case of this is the prohibiting of the Muslim scarf in French schools. It is a crucial part of Islam for females to wear a scarf, so where I has been restricted, colossal fights have been held and numerous Muslim guardians have taken their youngsters some place Islam can be rehearsed and the kids can be taught. Pundits of interpretivists likewise think peer pressure in the region where the understudy lives is significant. On the off chance that there is an enemy of school subculture in the territory, the understudy is amazingly liable to be a piece of it as it its where they invest the majority of their energy. As time has passed, every one of the clarifications offered for common laborers underachievement have gotten progressively evolved, and have additionally confronted more analysis. The primary sociologists to investigate this issue accept insight is acquired and quantifiable, and white collar class guardians are commonly progressively keen. They additionally have confidence in IQ tests and think they are a phenomenal method of estimating insight. Be that as it may, there are rivals to this recommendation who trust IQ tests are out of line and can't be utilized to test individual from various social classes and individuals of subcultures inside social classes and ethnic gatherings. There are numerous shortcomings and very few qualities to the contention of legacy and heredity. Despite the fact that the sociologists contend that insight is acquired from guardians, there has not been an examination to demonstrate this is along these lines, I. e. no proof has been given to back up this thought. They do, then again, not deny that there are less shrewd white collar class understudies and progressively clever common laborers kids. I concur with the pundits who guarantee that IQ tests are uncalled for in light of the fact that when an IQ test is made, it will somehow or another be one-sided to a specific gathering (for the most part the white collar class). There would be inquiries on the test that regular workers kids would not be comfortable with, along these lines neglecting to perform well and being named unintelligent. This is an incredibly out of line approach to clarify why common laborers understudies are relative disappointments in the instruction framework. Social hardship was offered by those sociologists who felt common laborers youngsters were raised in a culture where individuals around them put a lower an incentive on instruction and where their folks were considerably less inspired by their tutoring than working class guardians. I concur with the pundits who state that it is unjustifiable to state regular workers guardians are uninterested in their childrens instruction since it is their conditions that put them in that position. A shortcoming of this contention is that albeit an analyst may have investigated a common laborers family and found that their contention was demonstrated right, not all regular workers families are like this and many do energize scholastic achievement. As a purpose behind regular workers underachievement, social components are critical to take a gander at yet don't make a difference to all average workers families. The sociologists who contend that material hardship at home is the reason for common laborers underachievement have a solid contention. They guarantee that average workers guardians can't manage the cost of the materialistic necessities of school and that this powers their youngsters to fall behind and perform gravely. In spite of the fact that this is an extremely legitimate contention, it is critical to take a gander at different factors just as materialistic factors at home. For instance, material and social components at school are similarly significant, and should all be mulled over. The interpretivist contention concentrated on in school factors and how these influenced the exhibition of understudies. The sociologists took a gander at things, for example, against school subcultures and instructor marking and spilling. Like the sociologists who concur with material components, interpretivists neglect to take a gander at different variables. They find in school factors as the sole purpose behind common laborers underachievement, which isn't right. In spite of the fact that it is additionally a substantial contention like material hardship, it ought not be

Free Essays on Media Images Of Drugs

Portrayal of Drugs in the Electronic Media â€Å"Because of the obvious risk of Schedule I and II medicates, the electronic news media should strengthen our negative assessments of Schedule I and II tranquilizes by delineating them as reasons for social evils† is an explanation that has been bantered for quite a long time. Should the electronic news media be considered answerable for the way that they portray drugs? Individuals have com acquainted with naturally accepting the things they see on TV and the news. Because of the electronic news media’s extraordinary impact over the individuals who follow the media, there is some fact to the above explanation. Individuals are affected by the perspectives on the media, so the media ought to painstakingly choose the manner in which they need to portray Schedule I and II sedates in their accounts and communicates. As I would see it, the news media should take a negative position towards drugs. The electronic media has an extraordinary impact over the way the open sees any given subject. The impact that the media has over individuals is the same with regards to their portrayal of medications. The positions that the electronic media take in a specific circumstance are similar positions that the majority of the survey open is additionally going to take. That is the reason the electronic media should cautiously single out their fights. With regards to the war on drugs, it appears that the electronic media takes a truly strong negative position against drugs, particularly Schedule I and II drugs. There are numerous ways that the electronic media can impact the perspectives on people in general. The principle wellspring of impact that the electronic media has available to them is their capacity of making stories that can place the medications in a positive or negative light. It is up to every individual media arm to choose how they need to delineate the story. One thing is for s ure however, on the off chance that a media bunch runs a story depicting cannabis as a â€Å"evil† medicate and that it ought to be totally wiped off the s... Free Essays on Media Images Of Drugs Free Essays on Media Images Of Drugs Portrayal of Drugs in the Electronic Media â€Å"Because of the obvious risk of Schedule I and II sedates, the electronic news media should strengthen our negative assessments of Schedule I and II tranquilizes by portraying them as reasons for social evils† is an explanation that has been bantered for quite a long time. Should the electronic news media be considered answerable for the way that they portray drugs? Individuals have com acquainted with consequently accepting the things they see on TV and the news. Because of the electronic news media’s extraordinary impact over the individuals who follow the media, there is some reality to the above explanation. Individuals are impacted by the perspectives on the media, so the media ought to painstakingly choose the manner in which they need to delineate Schedule I and II sedates in their accounts and communicates. As I would like to think, the news media should take a negative position towards drugs. The electronic media has an extraordinary impact over the way the open sees any given subject. The impact that the media has over individuals is the same with regards to their portrayal of medications. The positions that the electronic media take in a specific circumstance are similar positions that the greater part of the survey open is likewise going to take. That is the reason the electronic media should cautiously single out their fights. With regards to the war on drugs, it appears that the electronic media takes a truly strong negative position against drugs, particularly Schedule I and II drugs. There are numerous ways that the electronic media can impact the perspectives on the general population. The principle wellspring of impact that the electronic media has available to them is their capacity of making stories that can place the medications in a positive or negative light. It is up to every individual media arm to choose how they need to delineate the story. One thing is for sure however, on the off chance that a media bunch runs a story depicting pot as a â€Å"evil† tranquilize and that it ought to be totally cleared off the s...

Advertising: Make the Consumer Believe They Are Superior Essay

Promoters convince individuals into purchasing their items by making the commercial speaking to the shopper. By relating charming encounters that much of the time have nothing to do with the item by any means. It is a mental technique that publicists use to cause the buyer to accept that by purchasing the item they will be prevalent or they will receive a fulfillment in return. Analysts have figured out how to find codes covered up in commercials that make the oblivious brain need to purchase the item. Publicists relate the items to pleasurable encounters and they utilize passionate marking to bring in cash. Analysts study the correct language to offer an item or thought by attempting to make sense of a code to the oblivious brain of why individuals really purchase the item. As indicated by (Clotaire Rapaille) from â€Å"The Persuaders† promoters know how Americans feel about the item, â€Å"there are oblivious relationship with each item that we buy†.† Each word has an oblivious code in each psyche advertisers comprehend the genuine need of the client once in a while implicit and they convey give me need we want†. Advertisers attempt to associate their items to the shoppers they are powerful and they have a lot of offering procedures to get the chance to individuals to purchase something. They relate the item to a specific gathering of individuals for instance, there was a commercial that was appeared on the film â€Å"The Persuaders† that made an association with glad individuals saying that Song another carrier is for upbeat individuals. It could be extremely hard to get around in this world with a level of mindfulness as to what’s happening since every one of these messages are attempting to move us to act and settle on decisions on an enthusiastic level and likely the most ideal approach to not fall into this snare promoters put customers into isn't to have confidence in the commercials. (Rusgkoff, Persuader s) Advertisers catch the consideration of youngsters by relating cool or pleasurable encounters to items. They get their consideration by letting them know what’s cool. On TV plugs or at the stores that adolescent are well on the way to visit. Influence is a significant job in catching teen’s consideration. Teenagers are handily convinced into purchasing things by the media, sponsors realize that youngsters have most loved big names and they use it to catch their consideration. Adolescents consideration is caught by the pictures and wordings that a notice has. There is a story that youngsters can recognize just by the image and by how well the promotion is sorted out. It is so natural for adolescents to be flabbergasted by certain items being publicized. Young people need to have everything that is cool, everything that is going to make them stick out or well known among their own gatherings. (Rushkoff, Merchants) A case of passionate influence is that sponsors are attempting to sell their items by causing individuals to accept that by purchasing an item they will be predom inant. Sponsors relate their items to culture, sports, family anything that is essential to individuals. For instance they may publicize something that has to do with a gatherings culture. In this manner shoppers purchase the item since they feel that it identifies with their way of life and causes them to feel great. Passionate marking is utilized to depict a lifestyle. What individuals like to do or they are acclimated with do publicists attempt to place it in their ads. Pictures and words are imperative to recount to a story inside a promotion. Items are identified with things that we appreciate doing promoters need to make us believe that the items we buy make us what our identity is. A significant technique that sponsors use is symbolism. Symbolism shows pleasurable encounters or things that make individuals giggle. For instance the delight they would feel in the event that they purchased energizer max batteries in light of the fact that the rabbit is so appealing and gives a point of reference of how the batteries work. (Maasik and Solomon) Having the right picture in a notice can be exceptionally advantageous. Pictures are what catch peoples’ consideration. Pleasurable encounters are appeared in pictures so the buyer is edified by the item and could see themselves in that pleasurable experience. Symbolism is significant in selling items. It characterizes what individuals need and the words in the ad makes individuals see what promoters need them to see and feel so as to sell their item. . Pictures give promotions a feeling of what the item implies. An item can mean numerous things in a promotion however the pictures show feeling towards things that individuals want.(Streeter) Images of want are fill in for real items on the ads publicists objective is to change want into need. â€Å"Semiotics is a convention of thought known for pointing out the proper structures of connotation, of importance making, in culture.†(Streeter) Advertisers use brain science to sell their items by partner items with pleasurable encounters, this is the manner by which shoppers are convinced into purchasing an item despite the fact that occasionally the pleasurable experience has nothing to do with the item being publicized. Publicists need to know how the oblivious brain functions with regards to choosing whether or not to purchase an item. They accept that the oblivious brain makes individuals purchase things that they don’t need. Publicists attempt to fulfill consumers’ needs all through pictures and words to cause them to feel that they have the right to have that pleasurable experience that is being appeared in the promotion. A few different ways that publicists use brain research to sell their items is by making us feel that we need the item yet we purchase a specific brand since it partners with something that we appreciate doing. For instance, their preferred brands, things that they like, hues that they may discover appealing. Sponsors are eager to pay these individuals for data to assemble thoughts for new promotions. (Rushkoff,Persuaders) For quite a while people are presented to ads. There are commercials in each building, wherever we take a gander at. Individuals are being convinced to purchase things and many don't understand it. Many don't envision that behind those interesting pictures there is a code that publicists endeavored to reveal with the goal that individuals purchase their item.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Dreams. The word reference's meaning of a fantasy is To have extraordinary desire or to truly seek after something. All things considered, I state make those aspirations a reality and expectation dynamic. Robert Ballards Lifelong dream was to locate the Titanic. For a long time the fantasy about discovering her overwhelmed his life. In 1985 his multi year mission finished when he found the sloppy mass of the H.M.S. Titanic. What is your mission? Do you have a deep rooted dream? Is there anything :ruling your life enough to hold your consideration for a long time? Without a fantasy, life is immediately decreased to distressing dark and weak white, an eating regimen too dull to even think about getting anyone up toward the beginning of the day. Dreams fuel our fire. The most brief course to inadequacy is to begin behaving irrationally, consider each conceivable hazard, take on risks, expect the wo...

Book Recs to Match Your Spring Break Plans

Book Recs to Match Your Spring Break Plans The cruelest months of winter are behind us, and its time to start dreaming of sunnier climes and pleasant getaways. We teamed up with our friends at Everyday eBook to pick book  recommendations that will match your spring break plans, whatever they may be! Check out our picks below, and pop over to Everyday eBook for more pairings to pack your travel bag. Going someplace cloudy and contemplative? Take Kevin Brockmeiers The Brief History of the Dead. Hitting up New Orleans and want to think about the grittier side of town? Check out Galveston by Nic Pizzolatto (the creator and writer of HBOs True Detective!) or Claire DeWitt and the City of the Dead by Sara Gran. If Little Miss Sunshine makes your dysfunctional family roadtrips look tame, try Touch and Go by Thad Nodine. If youre stuck at home but want to think about travel, pick up Alibis by Andre Aciman (essays) and Contents May Have Shifted by Pam Houston (fiction). Curled up somewhere cold and wishing it would stop frigging snowing already, and youre longing for summer? Instructions for a Heatwave by Maggie OFarrell oughta do the trick. Something to dip in and out of in between dips in the pool: The Last Girlfriend on Earth by Simon Rich or One More Thing: Stories and Other Stories by B.J. Novak. Going to a destination wedding? Seating Arrangements by Maggie Shipstead will satisfy your craving for friends-and-family drama and hilarity. How will you be pairing up  books for your spring break plans? Tell us in the comments, and dont forget to head over to Everyday eBook for more great matches. _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every week. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

Case Study Discrimination at XYZ Company located in Quebec - 1100 Words

Case Study: Discrimination at XYZ Company located in Quebec (Case Study Sample) Content: Diversity IssueName of StudentInstitution AffiliationCase Study: Discrimination at XYZ CompanyDespite relevant legislative measures, Quebec province of Canada has not been spared of criticism for the ever-worsening state of immigrants. Authier, a Montreal Gazette reporter, says that unemployment rates for immigrants were twice as high as that for the rest of Canadians (Authier, 2015). It was also three times as high for the immigrant populations that were vividly minorities (Authier, 2015). In this case, the experience of Aaron, a Canadian of Aborigine origin, is discussed as it was at XYZ Company located in Quebec.Aaron had just found a VISA sponsorship to Canada where he had stumbled upon the much-needed employment. He was happier that brighter days were bound to come. He served in the position of an accountant in the department finance under Mr. Michael, who was the financial controller. XYZ had instituted a comprehensive human resource management charter that alig ned to the requirements of the Canada Labor Code RSC of 1985 (Justice Laws Website, 2015).Even so, Aaron often felt unwelcomed. A section of his colleagues was uncomfortable with the color of his dark skin and his physical appearance that vividly made him stand out as an outsider. They were also uncomfortable with the idea that he was a part of the swelling immigrantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ population that was "taking over" opportunities meant for indigenous Canadians. Unfortunately, even after reporting the matter to Mr. Michael, his immediate boss, less than appropriate actions were taken. On this particular day, Aaron was finding it difficult to concentrate on his duties as feelings of anxiety, depression, and loss of interests in the task prevailed upon him. It was becoming unbearable for him. He opted to consult a human resource specialist who then advised him to document the incidences precisely as they occurred.One alternative he was given was to bypass Mr. Michael and to lodge a case wi th the XYZ Company directors. Then, in case his evidence was ignored, he had the choice of seeking legal redress in the law courts. He was uncomfortable with this idea because he felt like it will only attract more contempt from his bosses and immediate colleagues. The other option was simply to quit his engagement with XYZ Company and to opt for greener pastures elsewhere. The problem with this alternative was that jobs were scarce for immigrants, and he was unsure of whether he will receive any better treatment. Hence, he remains undecided.The situation reflects the challenges faced by immigrants in Canada and possibly, globally. Many authorities have labor rules only in writing with implementation being a difficulty. The case of Aaron explains better the extent of ethnic based discrimination as it happens in the work places.The Three Questions 1 Discuss diversity challenges faced by XYZ Company relating it to the contents of the human resource charter. 2 Discuss the best option a vailable for Aaron in his present circumstances that will be in the best interest of his company. 3 Discuss how the company can address the challenges in such a way that the result is a diversity-tolerant workforce.Discussion of the Case StudyThe company and the characters presented are fictional. The intention of the case study was to capture an instance of discrimination challenges faced by immigrants. Discrimination and intolerance to diversity are significant social vices that have threatened to tear apart the social fabrics holding the nation together. A company is a social unit and hence has a social and ethical obligation to promote diversity. Besides, diversity has an endless list of advantages including the fact that it leads to increased creativity as issues within the company are viewed from different perspectives. Moreover, it makes it easier for the firm to expand into global markets with proper understanding. Furthermore, it will help the business to leverage on its hu man resources in such a way that it ends up outperforming competitors. Lastly, from the perspective of the employee, it opens up a channel of opportunities.Answer to Question 1The company faces stiff challenges in implementing its human resource charter because of an unsupportive company culture. Rules and regulations on their own are inadequate in helping transform workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ behaviors (RBC, 2015). The level of difficulty is more pronounced where the management is unsupportive like in this case. According to the description of the situation surrounding Aaron, there was an apparent absence of teamwork spirit in XYZ Company workforce with newcomers being sidelined instead of being integrated into the system.Answer to Question 2The best option for Aaron is to make his case known to the company Directors. Quitting the job might be an easier choice. Nonetheless, it is not in the best interest of XYZ stakeholders as it amounts to concealing social vices in the society. Aaron s...

Party Games to Energize Your Classroom

Definition and Examples of Sententiae in Rhetoric

In classical rhetoric, a  sententia  is a maxim, proverb, aphorism, or popular quotation: a brief expression of conventional wisdom. Plural: sententiae. A  sententia, said the Dutch  Renaissance humanist  Erasmus, is an adage  that bears particularly on â€Å"instruction in living (Adagia, 1536). See Examples and Observations below. Also see: 2,000 Pure Fools: An Anthology of AphorismsCommonplaceEnthymemeLogosWhat Is a Maxim? EtymologyFrom the Latin, feeling, judgment, opinion Examples and Observations It is best to insert sententiae discreetly, that we may be viewed as judicial advocates, not moral instructors.(Rhetorica ad Herennium, c. 90 BC)A mans as miserable as he thinks he is.(Seneca the Younger)No man is laughable who laughs at himself.(Seneca the Younger)Things forbidden have a secret charm.(Tacitus)Greater things are believed of those who are absent.(Tacitus)A bad peace is worse than war.(Tacitus)Post-Ciceronian Latin gave vigor and point to style by the frequent use of sententiae--clever, sometimes epigrammatic, apothegmatic turns of phrase: what oft was thought but ner so well expressd, as Alexander Pope was to put it. Quintilian devotes a chapter to sententiae (8.5), acknowledging that they had become a necessary part of the orators art.(George A. Kennedy, Classical Rhetoric. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford University  Press, 2001)Sententiae in the Renaissance- A sententia, which had overtones of its classical Latin sense of judgement, was a pithy and memorable phra se: a recitall of some grave matter which both beautified and graced a style. Several writers were clear that testimony could take the form of a Notable sentence or was a sententia of a witness. Richard Sherry, in his Treatise of Schemes and Tropes (1550), closely associated the sententia with the argument from testimony or authority when he defined it as one of the seven kinds of figure called Indicacio, or authoritie.(R.W. Serjeantson, Testimony. Renaissance Figures of Speech, ed. by Sylvia Adamson, Gavin Alexander, and Katrin Ettenhuber. Cambridge University  Press, 2008)- Scholasticism developed around the medieval tendency to treat ancient sources--both the Bible and certain texts of classical antiquity--as authoritative. So strong was this tendency that individual sentences from a respected source, even when taken out of context, could be employed to secure a point in debate. These isolated statements from ancient sources were called sententiae. Some authors collected large numbers of sententiae into anthologies for educational and disputational purposes. Disputes centered on debatable points suggested by one or more sententiae, these debatable notions being called quaestiones. Education by debating general topics drawn from authoritative statements reveals one way in which rhetorical and dialectical practices made their way into the Middle Ages. . . .Writers now known as the Italian Humanists were responsible for a resurgence of interest in the languages and texts of classical antiquity during the Renaissance period, an orientation referred to as classicism. . . .[T]he Humanists sought to place the text in its historical context, in order to establish the correct value of words and phrases. . . . As noted [above], the scholastic practice of splintering classical sources into individual statements or sententiae led to the loss of original meaning and even of authorial identity. Charles Nauert writes, from Petrarch onward, humanists insisted on reading each opinion in its context, abandoning the anthologies . . . and subsequent interpretations and going back to the full original text in search of the authors real meaning.(James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric, 3rd ed. Pearson, 2005) Pronunciation: sen-TEN-she-ah

Play Essay - 736 Words

Reed Pacheco Professor Zuidema ENGL 102-B16 LUO 3 June 2016 Fiction Essay Comparing the two short stories â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, and â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner,† By D.H. Lawrence, the two authors utilize symbols and themes to illustrate their stories with the main idea behind them both is that winning will not always result in a positive light. In the story â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson, the fictional story is written about a town tradition in which annually they draw one person’s name to be the winner of the lottery. This person is stoned to death by the entire community. There is not a prize of money or anything special except the fact that you are put to death. It gives a different meaning to the term lottery than†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"The Lottery† there is the same pressures to conform. The people of the towns pressure each other into participating in the lottery in order to keep the rain from stopping. The authors are telling fictional stories that could sho w how attitudes can affect society. In â€Å"Rocking-Horse Winner†, there is an attitude of not being satisfied. There is never enough money. Throughout the beginning of the story, the author writes about, having nice things, but there was always a desire for more money. This can be easily be interpreted into our modern life, where there is always the newest and greatest things coming out. â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† shows the reader that Paul was so desperate to meet the needs of his mother that he would sacrifice himself. With the story the â€Å"The Lottery† it is visible the evils of following traditions blindly where townspeople are pressured into participating in the lottery, even calling out other towns that had ceased the lottery claiming that their lack of participation would cause the rain to stop. At first glance of both of these stories the readers would believe that that there is nothing in common between these two short stories. By taking a dee per look at both of these stories we find many similarities, love, status, fear to name just a few. These are really stories about human natureShow MoreRelatedPlay Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe play space is not school, and whilst learning may be an important playwork priority, what is even more important is how the child learns and whether s/he retains control over prioritising what is learnt. Play is a process of trial and error in which the error is as valuable to learning as is the success. Within playwork we generally define play as behaviour which is freely chosen, personally directed and intrinsically motivated (Hughes, 1984). The definition is seen as having authenticityRead MoreEssay on The Value of Play1370 Words   |  6 Pagestheories of play and countless theorists, from Freud and Spencer to Piaget and Vygotsky, who have studied play in relation to what it is and what it does for the child. This essay will outline the definition and value of play and the importan ce of how it can foster the child’s learning in regards to these theorists who studied the effects in great detail. It will discuss the how the environments constructed by educators can impact play and the theories of learning relating to the quote â€Å"play and learningRead MoreDefining Play Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesDefining play can be very difficult. The term play can be used to illustrate a wide range of behaviors and activities, and can be perceived as both essential and insignificant to the child at the same time. Santrock (2012, p.437) suggests a definition of play as a pleasurable activity that is engaged in for its own sake. However, this is argued by Kernan (2007, p.5) who states that none of the potential definitions are broad enough to encompass all of the meanings associated with play. DespiteRead MoreThe Nature of Play Essay1804 Words   |  8 Pagesthe team there is conflict about the nature of play and its role in the curriculum. Demonstrate your k nowledge and understanding of the nature of play, explain what it is, why children engage in it and how it contributes to children’s development and learning. Critically engage with the literature and include the views of key theorists about the significance of play ‘Early childhood education is underpinned by a strong tradition which regards play as essential to learning and development’ (WoodRead MorePlay Education Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pages Play Education is the most important activity in the lives of children. Play is the foundation of learning for young children. For children play, is how they begin to understand and process their world? The best part for children is that play is fun and this keeps them always wanting more because they enjoy participating in it. Play education is for children up until age 12. And different ages are broken down into groups. Giving the child time and some few basic toys can provide them with a varietyRead MoreChildren Need to Play Not Compete Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"If life is a game why am I not having fun† He quoted that â€Å"Happiness is success† (1). Looking at it from the teenagers’ perspective of happiness, play to them means happiness and happiness means success. Accordingly there is vast distinction between one accomplishing his goal to be happy, and to accomplish happily. In the essay â€Å"Children Needs to play not compete† Jessica Statsky talked on some of health, physical and psychological reasons children should not be allowed to indulge in competitiveRead MoreEssay on An Analysis for the Play Fences1293 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Theatre TH 220 / BBA 469 Ronal Stepney November 07, 2011 The story line seemed melodramatic throughout the play. The author (August Wilson) has laid the ground work of many themes throughout the play. The play deals with Race, Men and their masculinity, Morality, Dreams and hopes of everyone involved, Family, Duty, Betrayal and Dissatisfaction. The play begins with Troy and his best friend Bono entering the yard chatting as they usually do coming home from work as garage collectorsRead MorePreschool and the Role and Value of Play Essay820 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s preschool culture, the role and value of play is very important for children; a rich environment filled with playmates, opportunities to learn how to share, take turns, self-regulate, and make life-long friends only scratches the surface of why play is central for children’s development. Parents aren’t seeing what is happening: what they see as random play is actually being utilized to help the child grow socially, emotionally, and physically. P arents believe that children should be spendingRead MoreThe Power of Play for Children Essay example1336 Words   |  6 Pageschildren learn, I immediately knew I was a strong believer in play. Although, many decision makers such as legislators and school district leaders believe in more academic types of learning styles, my paper will discuss why play is so powerful and important to children. The book, Exploring Your role in Early Childhood Education, defines play as, â€Å"any activity that is freely chosen, meaningful, active, enjoyable, and open-ended.†(pg. 140) Play has many positive characteristics such as freedom to exploreRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Play in the Education System1029 Words   |  5 Pages(â€Å"Recess and the Importance of Play† , n.d.). Not only is recess important, but all types of play have been demonstrated to be beneficial to school aged children. Play is essential to healthy development encompassing mental, emotional, and physical well-being in all children. The Main Components of Play Play is classified into four categories that often complement each other. They are broken up into dramatic, manipulative, physical, and creative play. Dramatic play consists of dress up, make believe

Project Management in Bangladesh - 3788 Words

Overview of the Assignment Project is a catalog of human thought on life’s most important questions. We are enlarging the scope of our project and this site is currently under development. Bangladesh is a developing country. In Bangladesh project management is very crucial task in the government institution and government officials. In case of Bangladesh project procedures is very lengthy process. In this concern project planning and implementation is very lengthy because of cultural heritage manpower unavailability, unaware of time concept amp; cost, centralized authority, complex formalities, lack of technical competence, hesitance and inconsistence in decision making. In Bangladesh, there is no such thing as Time-Cost Trade-Off†¦show more content†¦Notable examples of this type of projects are projects in the industry sector. It is to be noted that event such projects may include indirect and intangible benefits. Type â€Å"Y† Productive but non- revenue earning projects i.e. projects which give rise to tangible output, benefit of which do not accrue directly to projects themselves but to other parties. Notable examples are irrigation projects. Type â€Å"Z† Service sector projects i.e. projects which do not give raise to tangible output but provide service benefits to the society e. g. educational institutions, hospitals etc. C. Criterion 3- Priority In allocation of resources, some projects are given a higher priority than the others based upon their importance for the country. Further some projects are considers to belong to the core o9f the development process i.e. has a major linkage value regarding the viability of other projects depending upon it e. g. infrastructural, power sector and projects producing primary products. Apart from the vertical integration of core projects other points considered for classifying a project as a â€Å"core project† are following: * Only â€Å"approved†, â€Å"reversed unapproved† and â€Å"PEC recommended† projects * Adequate availability of foreign and local funds * Project nearing completion * â€Å"X† type and infrastructural development projects * Shorter gestation period * Foreign aided projects The Government of Bangladesh has divided theShow MoreRelatedProject Management in Bangladesh2117 Words   |  9 Pages(UITS) Term Paper For Project Management SubmitTo:Md.Abdullah Al-Hasan Lecturer: BBA, MBA (Finance Banking, CU) School of Business (UITS) Subject: â€Å"Project Management Practices in Bangladesh† Submitted By: Name of Student: Mahmud Name of Program: EMBA ID No: 09335018 Batch No: 22nd Semester: 3rd Semester (Fall-2009) Date of Submission: 1st January, 2010 Project Management Practices Project management is defined by the set of principlesRead Moreâ€Å"Swot Analysis of Project Management in Bangladesh†4778 Words   |  20 Pagesâ€Å"SWOT Analysis of Project Management in Bangladesh† August 11, 2012 Shah Md-Al-Emran Faculty of Business Administration ASA University Bangladesh Subject: Submission of â€Å"SWOT Analysis of Project Management in Bangladesh †. Sir, We are pleased to submit my report onâ€Å"SWOT Analysis of Project Management in Bangladesh†. . This report is a part of Project Management (MGT411) to complete our BBA program. We have prepared this report under the instruction of you. Though it was a toughRead MoreProject Management in Bangladesh - Term Paper1639 Words   |  7 PagesProject Management - Overview Common misconceptions about Project Management Here are some questions we hear frequently that demonstrate a misunderstanding of project management: What does the project manager do? Why doesnt the project manager do some of the work? Why dont we make our top specialist the project manager? Why does the project manager need a support team? Isnt this all an unnecessary overhead for the project? Project management is a specialist discipline. In a wellRead MoreStatement Of Interest Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pagesstrongly believe that my 5 years (approx) of experience (of which 2.5 years in USAID/Bangladesh) is exactly in line with the current needs. I am a skilled young professional trained and experienced in environmental safeguard and project management. Professional Experience: At present I am working as the Project Management Specialist (Environmental) in Economic Growth Office of USAID/Bangladesh. I am serving as the AOR (Project Manager in USAID Language) for the ‘Gobeshona’ Young Researcher Program and providingRead MoreWater Pollution in Bangladesh1429 Words   |  6 PagesWater Pollution in Bangladesh INTRODUCTION Water is the most vital element among the natural resources, and is crucial for the survival of all living organisms. The environment, economic growth and development of Bangladesh are all highly influenced by water - its regional and seasonal availability, and the quality of surface and groundwater. Spatial and seasonal availability of surface and groundwater is highly responsive to the monsoon climate and physiography of the country. Availability alsoRead MoreThe Ministry Of Disaster Management Program1383 Words   |  6 PagesNational level: The Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR) of the Government of Bangladesh is responsible for coordinating national disaster management efforts throughout all agencies. The Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) under MoDMR, is responsible for creating public awareness about the risks associated with natural and human-induced hazards, and to formulate programs and projects that will better prepare at-risk communities and public officials to mitigate the consequences of disastersRead MoreLetter Of Motivation : Why Are You Interested Of Studying Medicine?1308 Words   |  6 Pagesmy one year paid internship in Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, I decided to build my career in public health. I am Debashis Datta, a young health professional from Bangladesh. I graduated from Dhaka Medical College under University of Dhaka in January 2014. Currently, I am working as a District Trainer in a UNICEF funded project, ‘Competency Based Training in Nutrition’, that aims at improving nutrition of mother and under two years old children by developing competency of health care serviceRead MoreEssay On Adaptability To Climate Change879 Words   |  4 Pagescollection of â€Å"livelihoods† through community-based forest management. In pursuing the study, they followed the mixed method research with both primary and secondary sources of data collection. For the collection of primary data, the household questionnaire survey (quantitative), interview, observations and focus group discussions were carried out. The author conducted the research on four countries of South and South East Asian region namely Bangladesh, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. By the three separateRe ad MoreThe Future Of Bangladeshi Bank Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pages Future of Bangladeshi Bank Introduction Commercial banks, non-bank financial institution, insurance companies etc. are the main elements to build the financial sector of Bangladesh. The main role is played by banks in the financial sector of Bangladesh. Bank is the financial institution that deals with money through depositing money and then channels those funds into loaning activities. A bank is an institution that deposited money which is given by customer for investment and repay it when theRead MoreCover Letter For Media And Mass Communication1208 Words   |  5 Pages I, Md.Riaj Uddin Raihan, hailed from a family that consists of my parents and two siblings. I have completed my under graduation program in Media and mass communication, major in advertising from American International University Bangladesh (AIUB) with a CGPA of 3.44 out of 4 in February 2016 .I have passed my S.S.C and H.S.C examination with GPA of 4.63 and 5.00 (out of 5) both from business studies in the year of 2009 and 2011 respectively, having English as the medium of instructions

Marriage and Ancient Greek Culture Free Essays

Marriage is when a man and a woman are religiously committed to each other. In ancient Greek culture, this reflected on the relationship of the King and Queen, and Odysseus and Penelope, but they weren’t quite similar. The King and Queen had a closer relationship, while Odysseus and Penelope were always separated. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage and Ancient Greek Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Odysseus and Penelope’s marriage was nothing like the King and Queens. Odysseus wasn’t really faithful while trying to get back to his wife. For example, the first time Odysseus wasn’t faithful was when he was captured by Calypso. In The Odyssey, it said â€Å"Even as he spoke, the sun set and the darkness swept the earth. And now, withdrawing into the cavern’s deep recesses, long in each other’s arms they lost themselves in love†. That basically says that they had a sexual relationship. This wasn’t really good of Odysseus due to the fact that he’s married. On the other hand, Penelope is at home waiting for him, and making up excuses that she will marry someone new. To make the other people believe that she unsows her quilt to take longer. The better relationship is between the King and Queen. Unlike Penelope and Odysseus, they live together. In The Odyssey, they said â€Å"Alcinous slept in chambers deep in his loft house where the queen his wife arranged and share their bed. † That showed that they didn’t sleep in different beds, but that they slept together and shared it. The King and Queen are an example of what marriage should be like. Men and woman play different roles. In The Odyssey, there are different roles. For example, woman had to be seen with their husband and not any other man, because then they would be called a bad name. Also, men shouldn’t change in front of other woman while he’s married because it doesn’t show respect for their self and their wife. Ancient Greek culture had many rules, and they were better if you followed them. Marriage and courtship is very important to Greek culture. Not everyone takes it serious, for instance, Odysseus. He wasn’t faithful, and showed he doesn’t care for his wife back home. The King shows he’s very loving to his wife because they live together. Not all marriages are the same, and not everyone takes it as a commitment. How to cite Marriage and Ancient Greek Culture, Papers

Parts of a Research Proposal Essay Example For Students

Parts of a Research Proposal Essay Generally, the principal investigator, his or her department head, and an official representing the University sign the title page, In addition, the title page usually includes the Universes/s reference number for the proposal, the name of the agency to which the proposal is being submitted, the title of the proposal, the proposed starting date and budget period, the total funds requested, the name and address of the University unit submitting the proposal, and the date submitted. Some agencies van the title page to specify whether the proposal is for a new or continuing project. And some ask to which there agencies the proposal is being submitted. A good title is usually a compromise between conciseness and explicitness. Although titles should be comprehensive enough to indicate the nature Of the proposed work, they should also be brief. One good way to cut the length of titles is to avoid words that add nothing to a readers understanding such as Studies n Investigations , or Research on Some Problems in. The Abstract Every proposal, even very brief ones, should have an abstract. Some readers read only the abstract, and most readers rely on it initially to give them a quick overview tooth proposal and later to refresh their memory of its main points. Agencies often use the abstract alone in their compilations of research projects funded or in disseminating information about cutlets projects. Though it appears first, the abstract should be written last, as a c oncise summary (approximately 200 words) of the proposal. It should appear on a page by itself numbered with a small Roman numeral if the proposal has a table of contents and with an Arabic number if it does not. To present the essential meaning of the proposal, the abstract should memorize or at least Suggest the answers to all the questions mentioned in the Introduction above, except the one about cost (which is excluded on the grounds that the abstract is subject to a Wider public distribution than the rest Of the proposal). Certainly the major objectives of the project and the procedures to be followed in meeting these Objectives should be mentioned. The abstract speaks for the proposal when it is separated from it, provides the reader with his first impression of the request, and, by acting as a summary, frequently provides him also with his last. Thus it is the most important single element in the proposal. The Table of Contents, Very brief proposals with few sections ordinarily do not need a table of contents: the guiding consideration in this is the readers convenience. Long and detailed proposals may require, in addition to a table of contents, a list of illustrations (or tigers) and a list of tables. If all of these are included, they should follow the order mentioned, and each should be numbered with lower-case Roman numerals. If they are brief, more than one can be put on a single page, The table of contents should list all major parts and divisions (including the abstract, even though it precedes the table of contents). Subdivisions usually need not be listed. Again, the convenience Of the reader should be the guiding consideration. The Introduction. The introduction off proposal should begin with a capsule statement Of What is being proposed and then should proceed to introduce the subject to a stranger. You should not assume that your reader is familiar with your subject. Administrators and program officers in sponsoring agencies want to get a general idea of the proposed work before passing the proposal to reviewers who can judge its technical merit. Thus the introduction should be impermissible to an informed layman. It should give enough background to enable him to place your particular research problem in a context of common knowledge and should show how its solution will advance the field or be important tort some other work. Awe careful not to overstate, but do not neglect to state very specifically what the importance of your research is, In introducing the research problem, it is sometimes helpful to say what it is not, especially, if it could easily be confused with related work. You may also need to explain the underlying assumption of your research or the hypotheses you will e using. Fifth detailed exposition of the proposed research will be long or complex, the introduction may well end by specifying the order and arrangement of the sections. Such a preview helps a reviewer begin his reading with an orderly impression of the proposal and the assurance that he can get from it what he needs to know. The general tone of the introduction should reflect a sober self-confidence. A touch Of enthusiasm is not out Of place, but extravagant promises are anathema to most reviewers. The Background Section. This section may not be necessary if the proposal is elatedly simple and if the introduction can present the relevant background in a few sentences. If previous or related work must be discussed in some detail, however, or if the literature of the subject must be reviewed, a background or literature review section is desirable, A background discussion of your own previous work usually can be less detailed than the customary progress report. Here you should not attempt to account for time and money spent on previous grants but rather point your discussion to the proposed new (or continuing) research. Sufficient details should be given in his discussion (l) to make clear what the research problem is and exactly what has been accomplished; (2) to give evidence of your own competence in the field; and (3) to show why the previous work needs to be continued. Some sponsors want to know also who has funded the previous work. Literature reviews should be selective and critical. Reviewers do not want to read through a voluminous working bibliography; they want to know the especially pertinent works and your evaluation of them. Modification of Piagets conservation tasks EssayThe biographical data sheets should follow immediately after the explanatory text of the personnel section, unless the agency guidelines specify a different format, gore extremely large program proposals with eight or more participants, the data sheets may be given separately in an appendix. All biographical data sheets within the proposal should be in a common format. A convenient, easily read format is illustrated in the sample following this item. These sheets should be confined to relevant information. Data on marital status, children, hobbies, civic activities, etc. Should not be included unless the sponsors instructions call or them. The list Of publications can be selected either for their pertinence to the proposed work or for their intrinsic worth. All books written and a selection Of recent or important journal articles Mitten may well be listed, but there is no need to fill several pages with a bibliography. The list can b e labeled Selected Publications, Recent Publications, or Pertinent Publications, whichever best fits the facts. The Budget Section. The budget should be worked out with the appropriate DREAD project representative. Sponsors customarily specify how budgets should be presented and vat costs are allowable. The overview given here is for preliminary guidance only. The budget section may require not only the tabular budget (a simple format is illustrated in the sample given here) but also a budget summary and explanation or budget justification if the budget is complicated or if all its details are not made completely clear by the text of the proposal. The need for consultants, for example, or the unavailability within the university of an item of equipment proposed for purchase may need to be explained. Foreign travel should be specifically detailed and justified, not combined with domestic travel, and the deed to travel to professional meetings should be tied specifically to the proposed project, if possible. Typical divisions of the tabular budget are personnel, equipment, supplies, travel, and indirect costs. Other categories, Of course, can be added as needed. The budget should make clear how the totals for each category of expenses are reached. Salary information, for example, often needs to be specified in detail: principal investigator (1/2 time for 3 months at ASS,OHO ) = 54,000. If salary totals involve two different rates (because of an anticipated increase in salary during the budget period), this should be made clear. The category of personnel includes not only the base salary or wage for each person to be employed by the project but also (listed separately) the percentage added for staff benefits. The current figure used for approximately the average cost of staff benefits is 30% of the total salaries and wages. Project representatives should be consulted on the calculation of staff benefits, because the rate may vary significantly owing to the kinds of personnel involved and the selected benefit option. A table is available from DREAD, Graduate Student Research Assistants who are to be employed on research projects for more than 1/2 time, may have part of their tuition costs covered by their unit, The remaining tuition costs must be included as a line item in the budget to the sponsor. Any costs absorbed by the University should be shown as cost sharing. A more detailed description of this procedure may be found in the Administration Of Sponsored Projects booklet available from DREAD. Indirect costs are shown as a separate category, usually as the last item before the grand total. Indirect costs are figured as a fixed percentage Of the total erect costs (modified by various exceptions). Exceptions include equipment, graduate research assistant tuition, the amount of subcontracts over $10,000, and the separate indirect cost centers: Computing Center Services, unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, and the Michigan Memorial Phoenix Laboratory. Because these fixed indirect cost percentages change each year, after negotiation with the federal government, proposal writers should consult a DREAD project representative before calculating this part of their budget. Cost sharing, which is required by many sponsors, can be shown as a separate alumna labeled IS-M, as illustrated in the sample budget. Frequently a portion of the salary of the principal investigator, paid from University funds, with its related staff benefits and indirect costs, can be used to sati$ cost-sharing requirements. To call attention to the variety of expenses that might arise in the conduct of a research project, a checklist of possible budget items is included here. This checklist suggests many of the expenses that might be appropriate to your budget, but consultation with the project representative is still very important. He can help ensure (I) that the budget has not omitted appropriate elements f cost, such as page charges for publication in professional journals, or service charges for the use Of certain University facilities (for example, surveys conducted by the Institute for Social Research), and so on; (2) that any estimates for construction, alterations, or equipment installation have been properly obtained and recorded; (3) that costs are not duplicated veneer the direct and indirect cost categories; (4) that the budget complies With any cost-sharing requirements of the sponsor; (5) that provisions are made for the escalation of costs as may be appropriate; and (6) that costs in all categories are realistically estimated.

Dont Panic by All Time Low free essay sample

Maryland-born group All Time Low returns with Don’t Panic, their sixth and best album yet, once again under Hopeless Records. With a variety of dynamic sounds and different leads, this collection is something that ATL fans don’t want to miss. Lead vocalist Alex Gaskarth has a bit of a new sound; he’s dropped the â€Å"teen† out of the songs and adds some mellower and more mature tunes and themes. Fans will especially love â€Å"The Irony of Choking On a Lifesaver†; Jack Barakat and Zachary Merrick most certainly do not fail to add the verve and upbeat-punk sound as the bassists and guitarist (plus backup vocalists) of the band. If you’re looking for a mixture of punk-pop and rock minus the ear-splitting screams, Don’t Panic is the way to go. This album finds a great balance between keeping their signature punk/emo-inflicted rock sound without being overly hardcore or frighteningly loud. We will write a custom essay sample on Dont Panic by All Time Low or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Overall, Don’t Panic is All Time Low’s best work yet and should not be overlooked.

Hinduism and Buddhism free essay sample

The two religions, Hinduism and Buddhism, are similar because they both had a belief in karma and reincarnation but different because Buddhism was founded by Buddha but Hinduism didn’t have a single founder, and because of Hinduism’s belief in many Gods but Buddhism’s belief in no particular God. Hinduism and Buddhism are different in that Hinduism believed in many Gods but Buddhism didn’t address any God. Hinduism believed in several Gods such as Varuna, who changed from God of the sky to the guardian of ideas of right and wrong, Vishnu, the preserver, and Shiva, the destroyer. Original gods of nature were altered to represent more abstract concepts. The Epic Age had poems that emphasized gentle and kind and honest behavior and the validity of life loyal to concentration on the Supreme Spirit. Whereas Buddha believed in salvation as arising from the destruction of the self. Hinduism and Buddhism were similar because they both believed in karma and reincarnation. We will write a custom essay sample on Hinduism and Buddhism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The belief in reincarnation is that when your body dies, your soul is passed onto another, either animal or human. And how that next life was to be good or bad all depends on your karma. Karma is the belief that when you do good actions, good things will happen to you in the next life, and the same concept applies if you were bad. Hinduism provides good channels for the good life including meditation and self-discipline. These allowed the mind to be freed to concentrate on the divine spirit. Buddha also believed that the destruction of the self opens a pathway to a realm where suffering and decay no longer exist. He also denied rituals and believed that an individual could regulate their aspirations toward this goal without having any elaborate ceremonies. Hinduism and Buddhism were different in that Buddhism was founded by Buddha but Hinduism had no specific founder. Buddhism’s founder was Gautama, eventually called Buddha. He lived as a Hindu mystic, fasting and torturing his body. He eventually felt that the he found truth and traveled and gathered disciples to teach of his ideas. Buddha accepted some truth of Hindu beliefs like reincarnation but did not believe in the caste. Hinduism however did not have a single founder. This helps explain why the religion unfolded so gradually. Hinduism and Buddhism were different in that Buddhism was founded by Gautama and Hinduism had no founder, and also because Buddhism had no address to a god when Hinduism believed in many gods, and they were similar because they both shared a belief in karma and reincarnation.

CIS 319 Moores Law essays

CIS 319 Moore's Law essays In many business organizations, management has often dealt with a difficult situation. The cost of the technology. The speed of technology. The size of technology. Each of these things, at one time or another has crossed the desktops of management. At one time the cost of technology was outrageously high. The capabilities of the technology were limited, and the size of the hardware was very large and bulky. Well, times have changed. Management can think less and less about these problems of the past as we see the prices of speedy, slim-lined hardware drop. The capabilities of the equipment available today is significantly better than it was just a short time ago. Dr. Gordon E. Moore foresaw todays reality. He said Computers will be more powerful, and will be organized in completely different ways... the improved reliability made possible by integrated circuits will allow the construction of larger processing units. Machines similar to those in existence today (1965) will be built at lower costs and with faster turn-around. (Moore). His statement, published in 1965, is now a reality. Technology is fast, cheap and reliable. What does this mean for management? In general, Management of most any organization can afford to place capable technologies in the hands of their employees. Speed is important for any business. Time is literally money for an organization. With faster processing speeds, employees of an organization can work faster. It is also possible that an employee can do more because of the speed of the technology available to him or her. The speed of communications between employees, clients, etc is also important. The evolving forms of communications are providing organizations with speedy ways to communicate, which also provide employees with the ability to do more and do it faster. The cost of technology is an important part of any organizations overall plan. Prices ar ...

Facilitating Learning in Professional Practice Essay

Facilitating Learning in Professional Practice - Essay Example The word construction can be used in terming the learning of nursing students in course of their education. 1 The conceptions of students change during education and they are studied by vosniadou (1994), Tynjala (1999). Their study gave knowledge about how the student nurses define the health promotion concept's relationship with health education. The student's descriptions about promotion of health emphasised the approaches, which concentrate on life style and changes in behaviour. Some students did not understand the relationship between health promotion and health education and the relationship between them in professional practice. The student must be aware of the interpretations of health promotion and the methods to apply them in practice. The change in conceptions and constructions of student nurses can be viewed as change in conceptions in the learning process. In this course the students understand what is the right meaning of health promotion. When the understanding is advanced the students act like experts. They observe a large area of results due to promotion of health and they will be able to apply them in new and critical situations. When the constructivist idea about knowledge is present, then the learning can be consistent. The learners build their knowledge by re constructing their concepts about health promotion and they interpret new information by using existing knowledge. In the process of moving from education while understanding health promotion to assess competence, it is necessary to be aware of the developments in the student in the course of education.1 In number of countries the teaching regarding health promotion in nursing education is on the basis of two WHO declarations; the Ottawa charter (1986), Health for all 2000. According to those charters, health promotion is defined as a process of making people capable of having control over their health and even to improve it. It should combine the structural change along with individual education. In nursing it is viewed as an integral part of daily practice. It should incorporate disease centred approach as proposed by Robinson and Hill (1995) as they are cited in 'Investigating student nurses' constructions of health promotion in nursing education, health education research'. But this is not enough. For modern needs of the society the nursing students must be equipped with promotion of health, which incorporates societal, political, economic and media aspects. The new approach should refer to interaction about promotion of health, which needs to clarify about the values, beliefs and determinants of health along with behaviour. The aim should be well being of individuals and empowerment of their communities. The promotion of health is situation specific and occurs in even complex situations. Then the knowledge building needs flexibility along with critical thinking, which reflects health promotion. The most complex form of change in student's conception is about revision at the level of theory, which is capable of causing misconceptions. This results in inconsistency and inertia. The studies of Tynjala (1999) establish that the change in concepts occurs on four levels; individual's semantic level, at the level of relationships between concepts, ontological level, and at the level of theory. According to Boud and Walker (1998) the context is the most important influence on reflection of learning. Different

Auxilium Pharmaceutical Corporation Research Paper

Auxilium Pharmaceutical Corporation - Research Paper Example In relation to the study the company which has been selected is Auxilium Pharmaceutical, a firm that has been in business since 1999. The firm’s common stocks are traded publicly in NASDAQ under the symbol AUXL. The mission statement of the company is: â€Å"To improve the lives of patients throughout the world by rapidly and efficiently identifying, developing and commercializing innovative specialty biopharmaceutical products†. The firm’s products target the following healthcare markets: hand and plastic surgeons, endocrinologist, rheumatologists, urologists, and primary care physicians. The two top selling brands the company has are Testim and Xiaflex. The values of the company include integrity, quality, innovation, teamwork, and result oriented. In fiscal year 2010 Auxilium Pharmaceutical generated $211 million in revenues. The organization has 565 employees. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the largest and most powerful industries in the world with 201 0 global sales of $875 billion. The United States has the most expensive healthcare system in the world. One of the challenges that U.S. healthcare companies face when trying to develop a new drug is that it takes a lot of time and money to bring a new drug to market. During the last five years the costs of bringing a new drug to market have gone up from $800 million to $1.3 billion. One of the primary reasons companies receive lengthy patent protection is to allow companies sufficient time to recover its investment and make a reasonable profit. All the costs across the entire healthcare system in the United States are on the rise. The medical spending per capita in the United States is twice as high as other developed countries such as the members of the European Union. In 2009 the United States spend $7,410 in healthcare spending per capita, while Europe in the same period spend only spend $3,615. Quality is not the main issue that’s driving the costs up since the Europeans receive equal if not better healthcare than American citizens. The cost of education may be a factor that is affecting the salary scales for doctors in the United States. Most medical students borrow over $250,000 in student loans to finance their education. Once they start practicing doctors are seeking higher salaries than ever before. Drugs are becoming more expensive due to higher development costs and medical plans are charging astronomical yearly fees in comparison with the past. In 2009 the average cost of family healthcare plan was $13,375. Medical insurance plan inflation increased 5% in comparison with 2008. Due to the rising cost of medical insurance the amount of Americans that are uninsured has increased to over 50 million. This hurts the sales of pharmaceutical companies because uninsured citizens typically cannot afford to pay for their prescription drugs in cash payments. Auxilium Pharmaceutical has multiple strengths that are helping the company stay competitive. T he firm has build up a nice brand value during its 13 years operating in the industry. During 2010 the company had very solid sales results of $211.4 million which represent an increase of 29% in comparison with the previous year.

Renewable Energy Policy Of The Philippines Environmental Sciences Essay

Renewable Energy Policy Of The Philippines Environmental Sciences Essay This article provides background for the current petroleum reserves scarcity problem, importance of sustainable energies, as well as the advantages and shortcomings of renewable energies development. In addition, it covers the review of renewable energy policies of four different countries, namely Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. The article also summarizes results of this study by comparing approaches taken by the governments of the abovementioned nations to solve the energy scarcity issue. Although these four developing countries take different approaches in addressing the problem, they share a common ultimate objective by reducing dependence on fossil fuel and the amount of hazardous gases, including greenhouse gases and toxic gases, discharged into the atmosphere. While certain renewable energies such as biomass energy and wind power have a tendency to generate negligible amounts of carbon dioxide, others, however, are environmental friendly. Thus, the renewable ener gies developed by these countries are fairly promising and will bring significant benefits to the countries if managed wisely. Lastly, this article also attempts to draw a conclusion on the study of the four policies based on key aspects such as natural resources available and the countries vision and propose some recommendations for further development. Keywords: Renewable energy, Sustainable, Environment 1. Introduction Energy drives nearly all parts of modern life such as the transportation sector and electricity generation. Most primary energies are derived from petroleum [1]. Overreliance on petroleum has become a serious global issue in the 21st century. According to the US Department of Energy (US DOE) report, petroleum reserves are diminishing at a faster rate than the discovery speed. Based on current oil reserves, the current consumption rate and projected consumption rate are 1354 billion barrels, 86.1 million barrels per day (in year 2007) and 92.1 million barrels per day (in year 2020) respectively [2]. Current petroleum reserves are expected to be depleted within the next four decades. The situation is worsening with the rapid growth of motorization, transportation and industrialization activities. This has led to a steep rise in crude oil prices due to high demand for fossil fuel [3]. Prior to 2000, the crude oil price in NYMEX was generally under USD20/barrel. With a higher demand than supply, the price rose to USD60/barrel in 2005 and subsequently shot up to USD100/barrel in 2011 [4]. To maintain the standard of living, searching for alternative energy resources to replace the current primary fuel source is inevitable. Furthermore, the use of alternative energy does not only solve the depletion of petroleum problem, but also generates significant environmental [5-7], economic and social benefits if managed with due regard to sustainability constraints [8]. In addition, efforts on efficiency improvement in energy production and use should not be neglected [9]. In fact, this effort should receive early attention as these objectives are easier to attain , require less investment during the commissioning stage than at the optimization stage and are environmentally friendly in meeting the needs of every developing country [10], [11]. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare four developing countries renewable energy policies in Southeast Asia. In addition, advantages and shortcomings of the policies are also identified and discussed in the later section. Further, a summary is drawn up regarding to the countries existing policies and frameworks. Lastly, suggestions for improvement on the policies are also included in this study for future review. 2. A broad look at the renewable energy policy of different developing countries Every developing country has its own unique renewable energy policy. Although some countries share a common objective or interest, none of the renewable energy policies can be identical to other renewable energy policies. For instance, the Philippines, a country which has few natural resources is mainly focusing on geothermal power in its renewable energy policy. Indonesia, a country which is rich in natural resources, on the other hand, has a more diversified renewable energy policy. In other words, the renewable energy policy of a country varies according to the countrys direction and natural resources available. In addition, efficiency of energy generated, energy used and environmental impacts are also taken into consideration during the review stage in certain policies. Although these factors do not directly affect or contribute to the development of renewable energies, impacts related to these factors should not be underestimated. Ignorance (on these issues) may lead to more ser ious catastrophic consequences to the world as some of the impacts pose significant threats to the global economy, food security, air quality and the condition of humans health [12]. 2.1 Renewable energy policy of Malaysia Traditionally, Malaysia, a country which is known for having vast amounts of petroleum resources, relies heavily on oil and gas (84%) and hydropower (16%) [13] for electricity generation. However, due to maturity of some oil reservoirs, production of oil has decreased gradually from 862 thousand barrels per day in 2004 to 713 thousand barrels per day in 2010 [14] and 630 thousand barrels per day in 2011 [15]. This problem has forced the government of Malaysia looking for viable renewable energies. To expedite the process, the government of Malaysia has established a fund, known as the Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) amounting MYR 5 billion [16] as an effort to identify alternative green energy and develop green technology. Four key renewable energy sources have been identified, namely hydropower, solar power, wind energy and biomass energy. All these energies are expected to replace petroleum in the next 50 years. However, current researches on alternative energy are mainly concentrating on palm oil based biomass and biofuel with palm oil methyl esters being the preferred fuel. According to a preliminary estimation, palm oil biofuel could generate up to 20% of the countrys electricity by 2020 [17] and expect to replace the non-renewable fuel source, petroleum. Nevertheless, combustion of biofuel is always associated with greenhouse gases discharge such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Global atmospheric CO2 concentration has reported been increasing over the past century from 280ppm to 390ppm [18]. Malaysia was reportedly discharged 164.2 million tonne CO2 or 5.98 tonne CO2 per capita in 2009 [19]. It is estimated about 235.6% higher than the figure reported in 1990. A steep rise of CO2 discharge signifies the increase of environmental and health problems such as drought, rise in sea level, heavy downpours or flooding, increase mortality of wildlife, intense heat waves and increase risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases [20-22]. Although some parties claim that development of biofuel could reduce emission of greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuel combustion, the economic, environmental and social benefits of the current generation of biofuels vary [19]. The data does not take into consideration that deforestation for planting of palm tr ees used for biofuel production can result in one-time releases of CO2 which could be very large [19]. Furthermore, use of palm oil as feedstock in biodiesel production is also not economically feasible. Production cost of biofuel has escalated with increasing demand on palm oil due to the use of palm oil as edible oil in cooking. Although there are scopes to increase yield, massive conversion of palm oil to biodiesel will reduce reserves and eventually lead to higher palm oil prices [23]. In addition, increase in demand of palm oil would also drive global food prices higher and increase the competition for edible oil. It is undeniable that the abovementioned problems can be solved with increases palm oil production, but production increases have required rapid expansion of the area planted under oil palm [24], giving rise to serious concerns over deforestation and habitat loss as well as the drainage of peat lands. While short term governmental support such as tax exemption, regulatory intervention and promotion campaign play an important role in the biofuel development, the long ter m sustainability prospect pertaining to the environmental impact and economic is uncertain. 2.2 Renewable Energy Policy of the Philippines The government of the Philippines, however, focuses their effort mainly on geothermal energy development. It can be clearly seen from the country power generation statistic that the geothermal energy accounts for 12% of the countrys total electricity generation [25]. With the total capacity of 2000MW geothermal power plant in operation, Philippines is considered as the worlds second largest geothermal power producer [26]. This figure is far higher than the amount of energy generated by any other types of renewable energy. The effort on geothermal energy development is expected to be continued as it provides a promising future to the country. The reason why the government of the Philippines maintains its existing policy is due to present of numerous volcanos in Philippines. According to Sussman et. al., Philippines islands are complex assemblage of island arcs which have been accreting between two tectonic plates. Two opposing subduction zones have generated a series of volcanoes which extends the length of the Philippines, from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao. Most of the known high temperature (>240Â °C) geothermal systems in the Philippines are associated with these volcano [27]. At the same time, the government of the Philippines also attempts to develop biomass energy. Philippines is known as an agricultural country which produces abundant of biomass resources [28] such as rice straw, coconut shell and sugarcane residues. These resources are believed to have a large contribution to biomass energy production as it could supply continuous stream of feedstock for biomass energy generation. Although researches on other types of energy such as biomass energy and hydropower are also given a fair consideration, progress of the researches remains modest. The problem is mainly due to lack of financial support from the Philippiness Department of Energy and private investors. Limited financial resource available is a great barrier for the development of biomass energy. In addition, lack of incentives is another factor that hinder biomass energy development as the production cost is considerably higher than fossil fuel price [29]. 2.3 Renewable Energy Policy of Indonesia Indonesia, a country which is rich in natural resources, intends to reduce its dependence on the fossil fuel and aims to reduce the depletion rate of fossil fuel reserves[30], by diversifying its focus on solar energy, wind energy, ocean wave energy, geothermal energy and biomass energy generation [31]. Below are the policies related to Renewable Energy development [32]: Green Energy Policy (Ministerial Decree No.2/2004) Small Power Generation using Renewable Energy (Ministerial Decree No. 1122 K/30/MEM/2002) Geothermal Law (Law No. 27/2003) Regulation on Electricity Supply and Utilization (Government Regulation No. 03/2005) The government of Indonesia also encourages private sector and community participations through a small renewable power purchase tariff [26]. Through this programme, renewable power producers are given freedom to develop their own renewable power plants such as micro hydro power plants, mini wind farms and solar power plants in rural area. In addition, the government of Indonesia also invests a vast amount of money on biomass [33] and biofuel development. One of the examples is combustion of rice husk and biodiesel. The country produces an average of 50 million tonnes of rice husk each year. These rice husks have a very low commercial value and limited application. Hence, the government of Indonesia propose to build some rice husk and biodiesel power plants adjacent to rice mills or palm oil plantations to supply energy to the local community. Based on preliminary estimation, the country would enjoy an additional 1600MW power generated each year from the biomass energy generated [26]. However, combustion of biomass is not environmentally friendly. Some of the hazardous compounds generated such as smoke, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds are carcinogenic or may cause cancer. Furthermore, emission of carbon dioxide and methane may also lead to global warming problem. According to World Health Organization estimation, more people in the developing world die each year from conditions related to air pollution which is mostly from inefficient, solid-wood-burning stoves [34]. According to a study conducted by World Health Organization, air pollution from solid fuel use was responsible for almost 2 million annual deaths and 2.7% of the global burden of disease in the year 2004 [35]. This makes biomass combustion the second biggest environmental contributor to ill health, behind unsafe water and sanitation [35]. Although the promising geothermal power and hydropower are also given a fair consideration, development of the areas seems to be difficult as potential investors are deterred by the lack of financial viability guarantee and unstable political circumstance [26]. Moreover, distribution or supply of electricity to remote areas or communities is not economically feasible and the state-of-art technology involved of this energy is more expensive than energy produced by conventional hydrocarbon fired plants [30]. Thus, the proposal of building a large scale hydropower plant has been postponed for years. 2.4 Renewable Energy Policy of Vietnam Unlike other developing countries, Vietnam is currently on the rapid economy growth track and is enjoying economic prosperity which it has never experienced before. A decade after the end of the Vietnam War, Vietnam underwent an intensive economic reform known as Doi Moi or socialist-oriented market economy which encouraged foreign and private investments in various industries or sectors [36], [37]. Since then the economic performance of Vietnam had started to escalate and experienced a more intensive growth than ever before [38]. This growth has mainly been the results of the strong performance of five sectors, namely manufacturing, fishery, agricultural, tourism and services industries. Although the economy of Vietnam, like other countries, has also encountered several economy setbacks such as the Asian Financial Crisis, the Burst of the Bubble of Information Technology and the Subprime Economic Crisis, the countrys economy has recovered very rapidly each time after the crisis and has managed to attain average GDP growth of 6 to 9% annually [39]. Improvement of economic performance has indirectly driven up the countrys energy demand. According to the data provided by the Institute of Energy of Vietnam, energy or electricity generated were estimated around 21TWh, 40TWh and 67TWh for the years of 2000, 2004 and 2008 respectively [40], [41], with fossil fuel as a primary source of fuel. Based on the figures provided above, the average annual growth rate of energy demand was estimated at about 15% for this period. Despite having abundant fossil fuel reserves, it is noteworthy that the population of Vietnam [42] also increased in line with economic growth [38]. In addition, Vietnams transportation sector is still undergoing explosive growth. By making the assumption that the rate of growth in energy demand remains constant, the total energy or electricity required by 2030 will be 654TWh [36]. This situation has forced the government of Vietnam looking for sustainable alternative energies. Failure to search for more renewable energies will eventually turn Vietnam into net importer [38], which will give its economy a hard hit as high oil price could lead to a higher manufacturing and living costs. Furthermore, IMF and Citigroup predicted that Vietnam will be subjected to further currency devaluation [43] in years ahead due to inflation problem. All these factors will lead to a more severe economy setback if they fail to develop more sustainable energies to replace the scarce fossil fuel. Electricity supply in Vietnam currently is virtually provided by the local government as more than three quarters of the power plants in Vietnam are operated by either government organizations under the governance of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vietnam[41] or organizations which the government has stake or indirect interest in the companies. In short, most of the power plants are state-owned properties. These power plants are basically established under the first Power Development Master Plan, which is introduced to support the economic reformation [44]. Majority of the electricity supply to the northern and southern regions of Vietnam is generated using fossil fuel such as oil and gas (48%) and coal (17.9%) [39], which is considered unsustainable to both environment and economy. Electricity supply to the central part of Vietnam, on the other hand, is mostly generated using hydropower, which is accounted for 27.4% of the electricity supply in Vietnam [39] and is cleaner than fossil fuel combustion. Use of hydropower can be explained by the number of rivers available in Vietnam, which has about 2400 rivers of 10km long [41]. This enables the country enjoying the free and clean resource without compromising its sustainability policy. However, the potential of hydropower is still not fully exploited in Vietnam. Based on rough estimation, up to 70TWh of hydropower electricity could be generated annually [36]. The figure is higher than the countrys current energy need. Thus, the government of Vietnam is currently reviewing the existing strategy and master plan to develop hydropower for the period up to 2015 [45]. The plan of developing hydropower is not a sole solution, but certainly a wise move. In addition to the development of hydropower, the government of Vietnam also explore the possibility of utilizing wind power to generate electricity. In comparison to other countries, Vietnam has a better potential for wind energy development [46] as the country has a higher average wind speed of 7 to 9 m/s at a height of 65m [40]. Another reason encourages the country to develop hydropower is that it provides a competitive generation cost advantage. An estimation based on current wind power generation, with the cost of 8 US cents/kWh [40], indicates that the generation cost of wind power is at least 50% cheaper than other renewable energies. Moreover, wind farms can also be utilized to cultivate crops [47]. In other words, installation of wind turbines would not deter the development of the agricultural sector. This is particularly important to the country as the agricultural sector contributes significantly to its GDP. Furthermore, agricultural activities are bread and butter for p eople of the country. According to the Federal Research Division, agricultural activities account for the employment of approximately 60% of the nations workforce [48]. Thus, development of wind power could bring double benefits to the country. Although wind power generation is also associated with CO2 emission, the emission rate of CO2 from wind turbines is 100 times lower than that of coal combustion, which is insignificant or negligible. A part from the abovementioned energies, the government of Vietnam also explored other potential renewable energies such as solar power, biomass energy [49]. Solar energy is a very promising renewable energy for Vietnam as it is located very close to equator and receives up to 4500 hours sun light every year. Likewise, generation of electricity using biomass is also sustainable as Vietnam is rich in organic and natural resources such as forest, plants, agricultural by-products and edible oil. However, development of renewable energy was very slow and the move was not well received by the community previously. This was mainly due to factors such as limited understanding of renewable energies, lack of expertise support in this field and ignorance about importance of renewable energy to the country. Thus, the updated revised Master Plan for Nation Power Development of Vietnam has already included design principles for the implementation of the Vietnam Competitive Generation Market [50] to increase potential of renewable energy development. In addition, renovation of management is also taken into consideration to attract foreign investors [37] and foreign talents. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Finance also shows a strong support on the plan by increasing tax imposed on profit gained by power plants through oil, gas and coal combustion. 3. Conclusion In conclusion, energy is essential to every countrys development. However, overreliance on fossil fuels in energy generation has become a critical issue. Following the footsteps of the developed countries, most developing countries in Southeast Asia have started reviewing their sustainable energy policies and searched for viable renewable energies to replace the scarce resources. While some countries choose to focus on biomass energy or wind power research and development, others, on the other hand, take a more diversified approach. These policies are mainly designed according to the resources available and each countrys vision. For instance, Malaysia allocates more financial resources on biofuel development as the country possesses vast amounts of palm oil plantation or land. While the Philippines choose to maintain its exploration effort on geothermal energy and biomass developments as country is located in the western part of the Pacific Rim, which is the weakest part of the earth crust [51]. This gives the country the advantage of using the magna of the earth crust to generate steam and electricity. Indonesia, a country which is rich in natural resources, tries to variegate fuel resources by exploring different potential energies. Their counterpart, Vietnam, however, chooses to invest on hydropower development as it has more than 2400 rivers with 10km long [41]. In addition, efficiency of energy generated and environmental impacts are also taken into consideration during policy review stage as legislators believed that under-estimation of the impacts related to these factors may lead to catastrophic impairments to environment and economy. It is undeniable that development of all these renewable energies would reduce human dependence on fossil fuel, however the long term prospect for these energies is uncertain. For instance, combustion of biofuel may not be environmental friendly as well as economically viable in the long term. Thus, a more comprehensive evaluation should be taken into consideration during the policy review stage. In addition, present energy strategy should adapt to new criteria which must be followed in future energy system development [52].